Te Mārama ki te Rerekētanga i waenga i te Ngaohiko Teitei me te Ngaohiko Iti i roto i ngā Pūnaha Hiko

I roto i te ao hangarau hiko, he maha ngā wā ka kitea ngā kupu "ngaohiko teitei" me te "ngaohiko iti", engari he maha ngā wā ka pōhēhē te hunga kāore i te mōhio ki tēnei ao. He mea nui te mārama ki ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ēnei wāhanga e rua mō te haumaru me te mahi a ngā pūnaha hiko. Ko te whāinga o tēnei blog he whakamārama i ngā rerekētanga i waenga i te ngaohiko teitei me te ngaohiko iti, me te tūhura i ō rātou whakamāramatanga, ngā tono, ngā whakaaro haumaru me ngā paerewa ture.

Ko ngā whakamāramatanga o te ngaohiko teitei me te ngaohiko iti ka whakatauhia e te taiao e whakamahia ana. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te ngaohiko iti e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha hiko me ngā ngaohiko iahiko tauutuutu (AC) i raro i te 1,000 volts (1 kV) me ngā ngaohiko iahiko tika (DC) i raro i te 1,500 volts (1.5 kV). Ko ngā tauira noa o ngā tono ngaohiko iti ko ngā waea whare, ngā pūnaha rama, me ngā taputapu iti. He rerekē, ko te ngaohiko teitei e pā ana ki ngā pūnaha e mahi ana i ngā ngaohiko i runga ake i ēnei paepae. He mea noa te whakamahi i ngā pūnaha ngaohiko teitei i roto i ngā whatunga tuku me te tohatoha hiko, me kawe te hiko i ngā tawhiti roa me te iti o te ngaronga pūngao. Ehara i te mea mātauranga anake te rerekētanga; he pānga nui ki te hoahoa, te whakahaere me te tiaki i ngā pūnaha hiko.

Mā te whakamahinga o ngā pūnaha pēhanga teitei me ngā pūnaha pēhanga iti ka kitea anō ō rāua rerekētanga. Ko ngā pūnaha ngaohiko iti te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā wāhi noho me ngā wāhi arumoni hei whakakaha i ngā taputapu me ngā rama o ia rā. Kua hangaia ēnei pūnaha kia ngāwari ki te whakamahi me te haumaru, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakauruhia he tikanga tiaki pēnei i ngā kaiwawao hiko me ngā fiusi hei ārai i te taumaha rawa. I tētahi atu taha, he mea nui ngā pūnaha ngaohiko teitei mō te tuku hiko pai mai i ngā tipu hiko ki ngā teihana hiko iti, ā, i te mutunga ki ngā kaihoko. Me whai taputapu motuhake ēnei pūnaha pēnei i ngā whakawhiti hiko me ngā ārai hiko hei whakahaere i te pikinga o te ahotea hiko me te whakarite kia haumaru te mahi. He uaua ake, he utu nui ake hoki te hanganga pūnaha pēhanga teitei, e whakaatu ana i te hiahia mō te hangarau matatau me ngā tikanga haumaru tino pakari.

He mea nui ngā whakaaro mō te haumaru ina kōrerohia ngā pūnaha pēhanga teitei me te pēhanga iti. Ahakoa he haumaru ake ngā pūnaha ngaohiko iti mō te whakamahinga o ia rā, he tūpono tonu ngā mōrearea, inā koa mēnā kāore i te tāutahia, i te tiakina rānei. Ki te kore e whai i ngā paerewa haumaru, ka puta pea ngā tūponotanga o te ru hiko, te ara iahiko poto, me te ahi. Heoi, he nui ake ngā tūponotanga o ngā pūnaha pēhanga teitei. Ko te tūponotanga o te ru hiko nui, ngā aituā mura arc, me te rahunga o ngā taputapu me whai i ngā tikanga haumaru tino tika. Me whiwhi ngā kaimahi e mahi ana me ngā pūnaha ngaohiko teitei i te whakangungu motuhake me te piri ki ngā tikanga haumaru tino tika, tae atu ki te whakamahi i ngā taputapu tiaki whaiaro (PPE) me ngā tikanga raka/whakakore. Ko ngā tari whakahaere pēnei i te Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) me te National Electrical Code (NEC) e whakarato ana i ngā aratohu hei whakarite i te whakahaere haumaru o ngā pūnaha ngaohiko teitei me te iti.

He mea nui te mahi a ngā paerewa ture ki te tautuhi me te whakahaere i ngā pūnaha ngaohiko teitei me te iti. He maha ngā paerewa o te ao me te motu hei whakarōpū i ngā taumata ngaohiko me te whakatū i ngā whakaritenga haumaru. Hei tauira, ka whakaratohia e te International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) he aratohu mō te whakarōpū i ngā ngaohiko ki ngā kāwai rerekē, e pā ana ki te hoahoa me te whakahaere i ngā pūnaha hiko huri noa i te ao. He mea nui te tutuki i ēnei paerewa hei whakarite i te haumaru me te pono o ngā pūnaha hiko. I roto i te maha o ngā mana whakahaere, me tirotirohia, me whakamanahia hoki ngā whakaurunga hiko kia tutuki ai ēnei whakaritenga ture, me te whakanui anō i te hiranga o te mārama ki te rerekētanga i waenga i te ngaohiko teitei me te ngaohiko iti.

Ehara i te mea he kupu noa iho te rerekētanga i waenga i te ngaohiko teitei me te ngaohiko iti i roto i ngā pūnaha hiko; engari e kapi ana i ngā āhuatanga nui o te haumaru, te tono, me te tutuki i ngā ture. He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei rerekētanga mō te hunga katoa e whai wāhi ana ki te hoahoa, te tāutanga, te tiaki rānei i ngā pūnaha hiko. I te whanaketanga tonu o te hangarau, ka piki ake te hiranga o te piri ki ngā paerewa me ngā ture haumaru, nō reira me mātau ngā tohunga me ngā tāngata noa ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē o ngā pūnaha pehanga teitei me te pehanga iti. Mā te whakahōhonu ake i tō tātou mārama ki ēnei ariā, ka taea e tātou te whakapai ake i te haumaru, te whai huatanga, me te pono o ā tātou hanganga hiko.