Ukuqonda Umahluko phakathi koMbane oPhezulu kunye neVoltage ephantsi kwiiNkqubo zoMbane

Kwinkalo yobunjineli bombane, amagama athi "i-voltage ephezulu" kunye "nombane ophantsi" ahlala edibana nawo, kodwa ahlala ekhokelela ekudidekeni kwabo bangaqhelananga nentsimi. Ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwezi ndidi zimbini kubalulekile kukhuseleko kunye nokusebenza kweenkqubo zombane. Le bhlog ijolise ekucaciseni umahluko phakathi kombane ophezulu kunye nombane ophantsi, ukuhlola iinkcazo zabo, izicelo, ukuqwalaselwa kokhuseleko kunye nemigangatho yokulawula.

Iinkcazo zamandla ombane aphezulu kunye nombane ophantsi zimiselwa ikakhulu yimeko esetyenziswa kuyo. Ngokubanzi, amandla ombane aphantsi abhekisa kwiinkqubo zombane ezineevoltheji zangoku (AC) ezitshintshanayo ngaphantsi kwe-1,000 volts (1 kV) kunye nombane othe ngqo wangoku (DC) ongaphantsi kwe-1,500 volts (1.5 kV). Imizekelo eqhelekileyo yezicelo zombane ophantsi zibandakanya iingcingo zokuhlala, iinkqubo zokukhanyisa, kunye nezixhobo ezincinci zombane. Ngokwahlukileyo, amandla ombane aphezulu ngokubanzi abhekisa kwiinkqubo ezisebenza kumbane ongaphezulu kwale miqobo. Iinkqubo zamandla ombane aphezulu ziqhele ukusetyenziswa kuthungelwano lwamandla kunye nokuhanjiswa kombane apho umbane kufuneka uthuthwe kumgama omde kunye nelahleko encinci yamandla. Umahluko awupheleli nje kwimfundo; Inempembelelo enkulu ekuyilweni, ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni kweenkqubo zombane.

Ukusetyenziswa kweenkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu kunye noluphantsi lugxininisa ngakumbi ukungafani kwabo. Iinkqubo zamandla ombane aphantsi zisetyenziswa ikakhulu kwiindawo zokuhlala kunye nezorhwebo ukunika amandla izixhobo zemihla ngemihla kunye nokukhanya. Ezi nkqubo ziyilelwe ukuba zibe lula ukuyisebenzisa kwaye zikhuseleke, zihlala zibandakanya amanyathelo okukhusela anjengama-breaker circuit kunye ne-fuses ukukhusela ukulayisha ngaphezulu. Iinkqubo zombane ophezulu, kwelinye icala, zibalulekile kuthungelwano olusebenzayo lombane ukusuka kumandla ombane ukuya kwizitishi ezincinci kwaye ekugqibeleni uye kubathengi. Ezi nkqubo zifuna izixhobo ezikhethekileyo ezifana ne-transformers kunye ne-insulators ukulawula uxinzelelo lombane olwandisiweyo kunye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okukhuselekileyo. Iziseko ezingundoqo zenkqubo yoxinzelelo oluphezulu zintsonkothile kwaye ziyabiza, zibonisa imfuneko yetekhnoloji ephezulu kunye nemigaqo yokhuseleko engqongqo.

Iingqwalasela zokhuseleko zibalulekile xa kuxoxwa ngeenkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphantsi. Iinkqubo ze-low-voltage, ngelixa ngokubanzi zikhuselekile ukusetyenziswa kwansuku zonke, zisabeka ingozi, ngakumbi ukuba azifakwanga okanye zigcinwe kakuhle. Ukuba imigangatho yokhuseleko ayilandelwa, ukutshatyalaliswa kombane, i-short circuit, kunye neengozi zomlilo zingenzeka. Nangona kunjalo, iinkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu zibeka umngcipheko omkhulu kakhulu. Ukuba nokwenzeka kokutshatyalaliswa kombane, iingozi ze-arc flash, kunye nokusilela kwezixhobo kufuna amanyathelo angqongqo okhuseleko. Abasebenzi abasebenza ngeenkqubo zombane ophezulu wombane kufuneka bafumane uqeqesho olukhethekileyo kwaye babambelele kwimigaqo engqongqo yokhuseleko, kubandakanywa nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zokhuselo lobuqu (PPE) kunye neenkqubo zokutshixa/zokuphuma. Ii-arhente ezilawulayo ezifana ne-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) kunye neKhowudi yeSizwe yoMbane (NEC) inika isikhokelo sokuqinisekisa ukusebenza ngokukhuselekileyo kweenkqubo zombane eziphakamileyo nezisezantsi.

Imigangatho yokulawula idlala indima ebalulekileyo ekuchazeni nasekulawuleni iinkqubo zombane ophezulu kunye nophantsi. Kukho imigangatho eyahlukeneyo yamazwe ngamazwe neyesizwe ekhoyo yokuhlela amanqanaba ombane kunye nokumisela iimfuno zokhuseleko. Umzekelo, i-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) ibonelela ngezikhokelo zokuhlela amandla ombane kwiindidi ezahlukeneyo, ezichaphazela indlela iinkqubo zombane emhlabeni wonke eziyilwe kwaye zisebenza ngayo. Ukuthobela le migangatho kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko kunye nokuthembeka kweenkqubo zombane. Kwiindawo ezininzi, ukufakelwa kombane kufuneka kuhlolwe kwaye kuqinisekiswe ukuhlangabezana nezi mfuno zolawulo, kugxininise ngakumbi ukubaluleka kokuqonda umahluko phakathi kombane ophezulu kunye nophantsi.

Umahluko phakathi kombane ophezulu kunye nophantsi kwiinkqubo zombane ungaphezulu nje kombandela wesigama; ibandakanya imiba ebalulekileyo yokhuseleko, ukusetyenziswa, kunye nokuthotyelwa kwemithetho. Ukuqonda lo mahluko kubalulekile kuye nabani na obandakanyekayo kuyilo, ukufakwa, okanye ukugcinwa kweenkqubo zombane. Njengoko itekhnoloji iqhubeka nokuvela, ukubaluleka kokuthobela imigangatho yokhuseleko kunye nemimiselo kuya kwanda kuphela, ngoko ke iingcali kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo kufuneka balawule ama-nuances eenkqubo zoxinzelelo oluphezulu noluphantsi. Ngokuziqonda nzulu ezi ngqikelelo, singaphucula ukhuseleko, ukusebenza kakuhle, kunye nokuthembeka kweziseko ezingundoqo zamandla ethu.