Ukuqonda Umehluko Phakathi Kwe-Voltage Ephezulu kanye Nogesi Ophansi Ezinhlelweni Zogesi

Emkhakheni wobunjiniyela bakagesi, amagama athi "i-voltage ephezulu" kanye "nogesi ophansi" avame ukuhlangana nawo, kodwa ngokuvamile aholela ekudidekeni kulabo abangayijwayele le nsimu. Ukuqonda umehluko phakathi kwalezi zigaba ezimbili kubalulekile ekuphepheni nasekusebenzeni kwezinhlelo zikagesi. Le bhulogi ihlose ukucacisa umehluko phakathi kwamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye ne-low voltage, ukuhlola izincazelo zawo, izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha kanye nezindinganiso zokulawula.

Izincazelo zamandla kagesi aphezulu kanye ne-low voltage zinqunywa ikakhulukazi indawo ezisetshenziswa kuyo. Ngokuvamile, amandla kagesi aphansi asho amasistimu kagesi anama-voltage ashintshayo wamanje (AC) angaphansi kuka-1,000 volts (1 kV) kanye nama-voltages amanje aqondile (DC) angaphansi kuka-1,500 volts (1.5 kV). Izibonelo ezijwayelekile zokusetshenziswa kwamandla kagesi aphansi zifaka izintambo zokuhlala, izinhlelo zokukhanyisa, nemishini emincane. Ngokuphambene, amandla kagesi aphezulu ngokuvamile abhekisela kumasistimu asebenza kuma-voltage angaphezu kwalezi zisekelo. Amasistimu kagesi aphezulu avame ukusetshenziswa ekudluliselweni kwamandla nasekusabalaliseni amanethiwekhi lapho ugesi kufanele uthuthwe amabanga amade ngokulahleka kwamandla okuncane. Umehluko awukona nje kwezemfundo; Kunomthelela omkhulu ekwakhiweni, ekusebenzeni nasekugcinweni kwezinhlelo zikagesi.

Ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zengcindezi ephezulu nephansi kuphinde kugqamise ukuhluka kwazo. Amasistimu kagesi aphansi asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ezindaweni zokuhlala nezokuhweba ukuze kunikwe amandla izinto zikagesi zansuku zonke nokukhanyisa. Lawa masistimu aklanyelwe ukuthi abe lula ukuwasebenzisa futhi aphephe, ngokuvamile ahlanganisa izindlela zokuvikela ezifana nama-circuit breaker nama-fuse ukuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile. Amasistimu anamandla kagesi aphezulu, ngakolunye uhlangothi, abalulekile ekudluliseleni ugesi ngendlela efanele usuka ezimbonini zikagesi uye eziteshini ezincane futhi ekugcineni uye kubathengi. Lezi zinhlelo zidinga imishini ekhethekile efana nama-transformer kanye nama-insulators ukulawula ukucindezelwa kukagesi okwandisiwe nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile. Ingqalasizinda yohlelo olunomfutho ophezulu inzima kakhulu futhi iyabiza, ikhombisa isidingo sobuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu kanye nemithetho eqinile yokuphepha.

Ukucatshangelwa kokuphepha kubalulekile lapho kuxoxwa ngezinhlelo zomfutho ophakeme nophansi. Amasistimu asebenzisa amandla kagesi aphansi, nakuba ngokuvamile ephephile ukusetshenziswa kwansuku zonke, asabeka ubungozi, ikakhulukazi uma engafakiwe noma engagcinwanga kahle. Uma izindinganiso zokuphepha zingalandelwa, ukushaqeka kukagesi, i-short circuit, nobungozi bomlilo kungenzeka. Kodwa-ke, amasistimu anengcindezi ephezulu abeka izingozi ezinkulu kakhulu. Amathuba okushaqeka okukhulu kukagesi, izingozi ze-arc flash, nokungasebenzi kwemishini kudinga izinyathelo zokuphepha eziqinile. Abasebenzi abasebenza ngamasistimu kagesi aphezulu kumele bathole ukuqeqeshwa okuyisipesheli futhi babambelele ezimisweni zokuphepha eziqinile, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinto zokuzivikela (i-PPE) kanye nezinqubo zokukhiya/zokuthinta. Ama-ejensi alawulayo afana ne-Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) kanye ne-National Electrical Code (NEC) ahlinzeka ngomhlahlandlela wokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile kwamasistimu anamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi.

Izindinganiso zokulawula zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuchazeni nasekulawuleni amasistimu asebenzisa amandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi. Amazinga ahlukahlukene aphesheya nawezwe akhona ukuze ahlukanise amazinga kagesi kanye nokusungula izidingo zokuphepha. Isibonelo, i-International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) inikeza imihlahlandlela yokuhlukanisa ama-voltage ngezigaba ezahlukene, okuthinta indlela amasistimu kagesi emhlabeni wonke aklanywa futhi asebenza ngayo. Ukuhambisana nalawa mazinga kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha nokwethembeka kwezinhlelo zikagesi. Ezindaweni eziningi, ukufakwa kukagesi kufanele kuhlolwe futhi kugunyazwe ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalezi zidingo zokulawula, kuphinde kugcizelelwe ukubaluleka kokuqonda umehluko phakathi kwamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi.

Umehluko phakathi kwamandla kagesi aphezulu naphansi kumasistimu kagesi ungaphezu nje kwendaba yamagama; ihlanganisa izici ezibalulekile zokuphepha, ukusetshenziswa, nokuthobela imithetho. Ukuqonda lo mehluko kubalulekile kunoma ubani ohilelekile ekwakhiweni, ekufakweni, noma ekulungisweni kwamasistimu kagesi. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, ukubaluleka kokuthobela izindinganiso zokuphepha nemithethonqubo kuzokwanda kuphela, ngakho ochwepheshe nabantu abavamile ngokufanayo kufanele babambe iqhaza ezinhlelweni zokucindezela okuphezulu nokuphansi. Ngokujulisa ukuqonda kwethu le miqondo, singathuthukisa ukuphepha, ukusebenza kahle, nokuthembeka kwengqalasizinda yethu yamandla.