Nhanganyaya

Nekukura kuri kuita hunyanzvi hwemagetsi uye kuoma kuri kuita masisitimu emagetsi, kushanda kwawo kwakachengeteka uye kwakasimba kwakakosha. Sechikamu chakakosha mukugoverwa kwemagetsi,Mutoro weKuzviparadzanisainoita basa guru mukuona kuti sisitimu yakachengeteka. Pepa iri rinoongorora nzira dzaro dzekudzivirira kuchengetedzeka, misimboti yekushanda uye nzira dzekugadzirisa, richipa mareferensi ekuvandudza kuvimbika kwesisitimu yemagetsi, zvichitevera hurongwa hwezvinhu zvishanu zvikuru.

1. Nzvimbo yeKudzivirirwa Kwekuchengetedza Yepakati yeSwitch yeKuparadzanisa Mutoro muSistimu dzeMagetsi

Kuparadzanisa nekudzivirira michina yemagetsi kwakakosha pakudzivirira tsaona dzemagetsi. Swichi iyi inoita mabasa ekudzivirira magetsi, kuchengetedza michina uye ekugadzirisa, zvakasiyana nemacircuit breakers nemafuse ari panzvimbo.
Kusiyana nema "circuit breakers" (ekupwanya ma "fault breakers") nema "fuses" (ekudzivirira ma "small--current overcurrent"), switch iyi inotarisa pakupatsanura magetsi: inoparadzanisa magetsi kubva ku "repair tools" kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti hapana magetsi anobuda uye inopatsanura zvikamu zvisina kunaka kudzivirira kukura kwe "fault", zvichishanda se "core safety protection".

2. Nheyo yekudzivirira kupatsanurwa kwemagetsi uye nzira yekushandisa Switch

Kupatsanura magetsi, nzira huru yekuchengetedza hurongwa hwemagetsi, inoparadzanisa zvikamu zvipenyu nezvisiri zvipenyu kudzivirira kubuda kwemvura kana mapfupi. Pakuchinja uku, basa iri rinoitwa kuburikidza nekugadzira kwesainzi break uye magadzirirwo ekudzivirira kupisa anoshanda zvakanyanya.
Kugadzirwa kwayo kunovimbisa daro rakakwana rekubata denga kudzivirira kuputsika kwearc nemhepo kana yakavhurika, nepo zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvakanyanya (semuenzaniso, epoxy resin, ceramic) zvemagoko uye kubata denga zvinodzivirira magetsi akawandisa uye nharaunda dzakaoma.
Dziviriro yekuzviparadzanisa inowanikwa kuburikidza nekushandisa nzira dzakajeka dzekushanda, zvishandiso zvinodzivisa kusashanda zvakanaka (semuenzaniso, kuvharira macircuit breaker), uye magadzirirwo akagadziriswa nharaunda kuti arambe achishanda zvakanaka pakupisa kwakanyanya, hunyoro kana ngura.

3. Kuongororwa kweNzira yeKudzivirira yeSwitch Against Overload uye Short Circuit muPower Systems

Kuwanda kwemagetsi (nguva refu inokonzera kupisa kwemagetsi) uye short circuit (inokurumidza kukonzera kukuvara kwemagetsi) imhosva dzinozivikanwa dzemagetsi, zvichiita kuti dziviriro yavo ive yakakosha.
Swichi iyi inodzivirira kubva pakuwanda kwemagetsi nekutarisa simba remagetsi; kana ikadarika mutoro wakayerwa, inoita kuti pave nekunonoka kudzima michina kuti isakuvadzwe, uye miganho yacho inoiswa zvichienderana nezvinodiwa nemagetsi uye zvinodiwa pakutakura.
Kune ma "short circuits", inokurumidza kuona magetsi akawanda kuburikidza nema "built-in sensors" uye inobvisa magetsi mu "circuit" kuti iparadzanise zvikanganiso, ichibatsirana nema "circuit breakers" kugadzira system yekudzivirira ine mazinga akawanda kuti ive yakavimbika.
Switch iyi ine miganhu (kunonoka kwenguva refu, kugona kwayo kutyora magetsi kwenguva refu), saka inofanira kusanganiswa nemafuse kana marelay kuti igadzire sisitimu yekudzivirira inoenderana.

4. Basa reKuchengetedza Kuchengetedzeka uye Maitiro eSwitch muKugadzirisa Midziyo

Kugadzirisa michina yakachengeteka kunoda kudzima magetsi uye kupatsanura; switch inoita basa guru nekucheka magetsi, kupatsanura zvikamu zvipenyu, uye kudzivirira kuvhara zvimwe zvinhu kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti vashandi vekugadzirisa vakachengeteka.
Inocheka magetsi kuti ichengetedze nzvimbo isina magetsi, inoparadzanisa nzvimbo dzekugadzirisa kubva kune zvikamu zvipenyu, uye inoshandisa michina inodzivirira kusavhara magetsi kudzivirira tsaona dzinobva pakudzorerwa kwemagetsi kamwe kamwe.
Zvinodiwa pakushanda zvinosanganisira kutarisa mamiriro eswitch uye kukiya usati wagadzirisa, kupfeka midziyo yekudzivirira panguva yekushanda, kuongororazve usati wavhara, uye kurambidza kushanda kusina mvumo nevashandi vasina kukodzera.
Kutyora mitemo (semuenzaniso, kuvharwa nguva isati yakwana, maswichi asina kuvhurwa) kunokonzera njodzi huru; kudzidziswa kwevashandisi, mitemo yakaoma, uye kuziva nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvinhu ndizvo zvakakosha pakudzivirira.

5. Matekinoroji Akakosha uye Maitiro Ekuvandudza Kushanda Kwekudzivirira kweSwitch

Kuti zvikwanisike kuchengetedzeka kuri kukura kwemagetsi, mashandiro ekudzivirira eswitch iyi anoda kuvandudzwa, kugadzirisa marwadzo akadai sekutarisa kusina kunaka panguva chaiyo, kusakwana kwekudzivirira kupisa, uye mabasa asina kukwana ekudzivirira kusashanda zvakanaka.
Matekinoroji makuru ekuvandudza anosanganisira kutarisa kwakangwara (kutarisa maparameter panguva chaiyo uye yambiro yekutanga), kusimudzira insulation (zvinhu zvinoshanda zvakanyanya uye zvivakwa zvakagadziriswa), uye kudzivirira kusashanda zvakanaka (kukiya kwakawedzerwa uye kudzora kwakangwara).
Maitiro ekugadzirisa mamiriro ezvinhu akasiyana: kugoverwa kwemaindasitiri kunoda kuramba kwakanyanya kudzorwa kwemagetsi uye kutarisa nekuchenjera; nzvimbo dzemagetsi dzinoda kuvimbika kwakanyanya uye kubatana nemimwe michina; mamiriro matsva esimba anoda kushandira pamwe nehunhu hwemagetsi mashoma uye ane simba rakawanda. Kuvandudzwa kunowedzera mashandiro eswitch uye kuchengetedzeka kwehurongwa hwese.

Mhedziso

Pepa iri rinoongorora nzira dzekudzivirira kuchengetedzeka dzeswitch, kusanganisira nzvimbo yayo, misimboti yekuparadzanisa, dziviriro ye overload/short-circuit, basa rekuchengetedza, uye nzira dzekugadzirisa. Sechikamu chakakosha chesimba remagetsi, chakakosha pakushanda kwakachengeteka.

Munguva yekushandiswa kwegridi yakangwara, shanduko iyi ichakura ichienda kuhungwaru, kuita kuti zvinhu zvisashande zvakanaka, uye kuvimbika zvakanyanya. Kusimbisa R&D, kugadzirisa mashandiro, uye manejimendi ekushanda kwakasimba zvichawedzera basa rayo mukudzivirira kuchengetedzeka kwehurongwa hwemagetsi.

Mareferensi

IEEE Standard C37.20.1-2015, “Yakajairwa yeSwitchgear yeSimbi Yakavharirwa neMagetsi Mashoma eSitima”.
IEC 60947-3: 2019, “Switchgear ine simba shoma uye controlgear – Chikamu 3: Switch, disconnectors, switch-disconnectors uye fuse-combination units”.
Wang, Y., & Li, Z. (2022). Tsvagiridzo pamusoro peSafety Protection Mechanism yeIsolation Switches muPower Systems. Power System Technology, 46(5), 1890-1898. (MuchiChinese)
Brown, RG (2021). Kuparadzaniswa kweMagetsi uye Dziviriro muMasisitimu Ekugovera Magetsi. Kutengeserana kweIEEE paKuendesa Magetsi, 36(3), 1567-1574.
State Grid Corporation yeChina. (2020). Magadzirirwo Ekushandisa Nekuchengetedza Midziyo Yemagetsi. China Electric Power Press.

Mibvunzo Inowanzo bvunzwa

Mubvunzo 1: Ndeupi musiyano mukuru uripo pakati peswitch necircuit breaker mu power system?
A1: Switch iyi inotarisa pakupatsanura magetsi kuti ishande zvakanaka uye igadziriswe, nepo circuit breaker ichinyanya kushandiswa pakupwanya zvikanganiso, uye vanobatsirana kugadzira sisitimu yekudzivirira.
Mubvunzo wechipiri: Ungava sei nechokwadi chekuti switch inobvisa magetsi yakavimbika?
A2: Inogona kuvimbiswa nekugadzirwa kwesainzi, zvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa zvine simba, uye kuyedzwa nekugadzirisa nguva dzose kwekudzivirira kupisa.
Mubvunzo wechitatu: Ndeapi maitiro akajairika ekushanda zvisina kunaka kweswitch mukugadzirisa michina, uye maitiro ekudzivirira?
A3: Kusashanda zvakanaka kunowanzo sanganisira kushanda kusina mvumo uye kutadza kukiya switch, izvo zvinogona kudzivirirwa nekudzidziswa kwemushandisi, zvishandiso zvinodzivirira kusashanda zvakanaka uye zvirevo zvakasimba zvekushanda.
Mubvunzo wechina: Ndeapi maitiro ekuvandudza shanduko munguva yegridi yemagetsi yakangwara?
A4: Ichakura ichienda kuhungwaru, kuita kuti zvinhu zvidiki zvishande uye kuvimbika zvakanyanya, nekutarisa kwakangwara uye kushanda zvakanaka kuti zvienderane nezvinodiwa negridi yakangwara.
Mubvunzo 5: Switch iyi inogona kushandiswa yoga here kudzivirira simba zvakanyanya uye kupfupisa dunhu?
A5: Kwete, ine miganhu uye inoda kugadzirirwa zvimwe zvishandiso zvekudzivirira kuti igadzire sisitimu yekudzivirira inopindirana.

Kuongororwa kweSafety Protection Mechanism yeLoad Isolation Switch muPower Systems

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