Isingeniso

Njengoba izinhlelo zamandla zanda futhi ziyinkimbinkimbi, ukusebenza kwazo okuphephile nokuzinzile kubalulekile. Njengengxenye ebalulekile ekusatshalalisweni kwamandla,Ukushintsha Ukuhlukaniswa Komthwaloidlala indima engenakuphikiswa ekuqinisekiseni ukuphepha kohlelo. Leli phepha lihlola indlela yalo yokuvikela ukuphepha, izimiso zokusebenza kanye namasu okwenza ngcono, linikeza izinkomba zokuthuthukisa ukuthembeka kohlelo lwamandla, kulandela uhlaka lwezici ezinhlanu eziyinhloko.

1. Indawo Yokuvikela Ukuphepha Okuyinhloko Yeswishi Yokwahlukanisa Umthwalo Ezinhlelweni Zamandla

Ukuhlukaniswa kanye nokuvikelwa kwemishini kagesi kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni izingozi zesistimu yamandla. Le switch yenza imisebenzi yokuhlukaniswa kukagesi, ukuvikelwa kwemishini kanye nokugcinwa okusizayo, okuhlukile kuma-circuit breakers kanye nama-fuse ekubekeni.
Ngokungafani nama-circuit breaker (okuphula amaphutha) nama-fuse (okuvikela ugesi omningi wemishini emincane), le switch igxile ekuhlukaniseni: ihlukanisa izinsiza zikagesi nemishini yokulungisa ukuqinisekisa indawo yokusebenza engenawo amandla kagesi futhi ihlukanisa izingxenye ezinephutha ukuvimbela ukwanda kwamaphutha, okusebenza njengesithiyo esikhulu sokuphepha.

2. Isimiso Sokuvikela Ukuhlukaniswa Kukagesi kanye Nendlela Yokusebenzisa Iswishi

Ukuhlukaniswa kukagesi, okuyisilinganiso esibalulekile sokuphepha kohlelo lwamandla, kuhlukanisa izingxenye eziphilayo nezingezona eziphilayo ukuze kugwenywe ukuvuza noma izifunda ezimfushane. Ku-switch, lo msebenzi ufezwa ngokuklama kwe-scientific break kanye nezakhiwo zokushisa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu.
Ukwakheka kwayo kokuphuka kuqinisekisa ibanga elanele lokuxhumana ukuvimbela ukuphuka kwe-arc nomoya lapho ivuliwe, kuyilapho izinto ezivikela kakhulu (isb., i-epoxy resin, i-ceramic) zamagobolondo kanye nokuxhumana zimelana ne-voltage ephezulu kanye nezimo ezinzima.
Ukuvikelwa kokuhlukaniswa kutholakala ngokusebenzisa izindlela zokusebenza ezicacile, amadivayisi okukhiya alwa nokungasebenzi kahle (isb., ukuxhumanisa i-circuit breaker), kanye nemiklamo evumelaniswe nemvelo ukuze kulondolozwe ukusebenza kahle ekushiseni okuphezulu, umswakama noma ukugqwala.

3. Ukuhlaziywa Kwendlela Yokuvikela Yeswishi Emelene Nokugcwala Kakhulu kanye Nesekethe Efushane Ezinhlelweni Zamandla

Ukulayisha ngokweqile (ugesi omningi wesikhathi eside obangela ukushisa ngokweqile kwemishini) kanye ne-short circuit (ugesi omkhulu osheshayo obangela umonakalo) kuyizinkinga ezivamile zesistimu yamandla, okwenza ukuvikelwa kwazo kube yinto ebalulekile.
Iswishi ivikela ekugcwaleni ngokweqile ngokuqapha ugesi; uma idlula umthwalo olinganiselwe, ibangela ukunqanyulwa okulibazisekile ukuze kugwenywe umonakalo wemishini, lapho imingcele isethwe ngokusekelwe kumapharamitha alinganiselwe kanye nezidingo zomthwalo.
Kuma-short circuits, ithola ngokushesha amandla aphezulu ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi bese inqamula i-circuit ukuze ihlukanise amaphutha, ibambisana nama-circuit breaker ukwakha uhlelo lokuvikela olunezinga eziningi ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukuthembeka.
Iswishi inemikhawulo (ukubambezeleka kokulayisha ngokweqile isikhathi eside, amandla okuphuka anganele kagesi we-short-circuit ephezulu kakhulu), ngakho-ke kumele ihlanganiswe nama-fuse noma ama-relay ukuze kwakheke uhlelo lokuvikela oluhambisanayo.

4. Indima Yokuvikela Ukuphepha kanye Nemininingwane Yokusebenza Kweswishi Ekunakekelweni Kwemishini

Ukugcinwa kwemishini ephephile kudinga ukucinywa kukagesi kanye nokuhlukaniswa; inkinobho idlala indima ebalulekile ngokusika ugesi, ukuhlukanisa izingxenye eziphilayo, kanye nokuvimbela ukuvalwa okungafanele ukuqinisekisa ukuphepha kwabasebenzi bokulungisa.
Inciphisa ugesi ukuze igcine indawo engenawo ugesi, ihlukanise izindawo zokulungisa ezingxenyeni eziphilayo, futhi isebenzisa amadivayisi avimbela ukulahleka kwamandla ukuze igweme izingozi zokubuyiselwa kwamandla ngokuzumayo.
Imininingwane ejwayelekile yokusebenza ifaka phakathi ukuhlola isimo seswishi kanye nokukhiya ngaphambi kokulungiswa, ukugqoka izingubo zokuzivikela ngesikhathi sokusebenza, ukuhlola kabusha ngaphambi kokuvala, kanye nokuvimbela ukusebenza okungagunyaziwe ngabasebenzi abangafaneleki.
Ukwephulwa komthetho (isb., ukuvala ngaphambi kwesikhathi, ukushintsha okungavuliwe) kubangela izingozi ezinkulu; ukuqeqeshwa kwabaqhubi, imininingwane eqinile, kanye nokuqwashisa ngokuphepha kubalulekile ekuvimbeleni.

5. Ubuchwepheshe Obubalulekile kanye Namasu Okuthuthukisa Ukuthuthukisa Ukusebenza Kokuvikela Kweswishi

Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zokuphepha kwesistimu yamandla ezikhulayo, ukusebenza kokuvikela kweswishi kudinga ukuthuthukiswa, kuxazululwe izindawo ezibuhlungu njengokuqapha okungekuhle ngesikhathi sangempela, ukuvikela okwanele, kanye nemisebenzi engaphelele yokulwa nokungasebenzi kahle.
Ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile bokuthuthukisa buhlanganisa ukuqapha okuhlakaniphile (ukuqapha amapharamitha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nesixwayiso sangaphambi kwesikhathi samaphutha), ukuthuthukiswa kokufakwa kokushisa (izinto ezisebenza kahle kakhulu kanye nezakhiwo ezilungiselelwe), kanye nokulwa nokungasebenzi kahle (ukukhiya okuthuthukisiwe kanye nokulawula okuhlakaniphile).
Amasu okwenza ngcono isimo esithile: ukusatshalaliswa kwezimboni kudinga ukumelana okukhulu nokulayisha ngokweqile kanye nokuqapha okuhlakaniphile; iziteshi ezincane zidinga ukuthembeka okuphezulu kanye nokuxhumana neminye imishini; izimo ezintsha zamandla zidinga ukuhambisana nezici zamandla aphansi, zamandla aphezulu. Ukuthuthukiswa kuthuthukisa kokubili ukusebenza kweswishi kanye nokuphepha kwesistimu iyonke.

Isiphetho

Leli phepha lihlola indlela yokuvikela ukuphepha kweswishi, okuhlanganisa ukubeka kwayo indawo, izimiso zokuhlukanisa, ukuvikelwa kokulayisha ngokweqile/ukujikeleza okufushane, indima yokulungisa, kanye namasu okwenza ngcono. Njengengxenye ebalulekile yesistimu yamandla, ibalulekile ekusebenzeni okuphephile.

Esikhathini segridi ehlakaniphile, ushintsho luzothuthukela ekuhlakanipheni, ekuncipheni, nasekuthembekeni okuphezulu. Ukuqinisa i-R&D, ukwenza ngcono ukusebenza, kanye nokuphathwa kokusebenza okuqinile kuzothuthukisa indima yalo ekuvikelweni kokuphepha kwesistimu yamandla.

Izinkomba

I-IEEE Standard C37.20.1-2015, “Isimiso se-Switchgear ye-Switchgear ye-System-Enclosed Metal-Voltage Low-Voltage”.
I-IEC 60947-3: 2019, “I-switchgear ene-voltage ephansi kanye ne-controlgear – Ingxenye 3: Ama-switch, ama-disconnector, ama-switch-disconnector kanye nama-fuse-combination units”.
UWang, Y., kanye noLi, Z. (2022). Ucwaningo mayelana nendlela yokuvikela ukuphepha yokushintshana kwezinhlelo zamandla. Ubuchwepheshe besistimu yamandla, 46(5), 1890-1898. (NgesiShayina)
Brown, RG (2021). Ukuhlukaniswa Nokuvikelwa Kukagesi Ezinhlelweni Zokusabalalisa Ugesi. Ukuthengiselana kwe-IEEE Ekulethweni Kwamandla, 36(3), 1567-1574.
I-State Grid Corporation yaseShayina. (2020). Imininingwane Yokusebenza Nokulungiswa Kwemishini Yesistimu Yamandla. I-China Electric Power Press.

Imibuzo Evame Ukubuzwa

Q1: Uyini umehluko omkhulu phakathi kweswishi kanye ne-circuit breaker ohlelweni lwamandla?
A1: Iswishi igxile ekuhlukaniseni ugesi ukuze kusebenze kahle futhi kugcinwe kahle, kuyilapho i-circuit breaker isetshenziswa kakhulu ekuphuleni amaphutha, futhi bayasebenzisana ukwakha uhlelo lokuvikela.
Q2: Ungaqinisekisa kanjani ukuthembeka kokusebenza kokuhlukaniswa kukagesi kweswishi?
A2: Kungaqinisekiswa ngokuklama kwe-sci-fi yesayensi, izinto zokuvikela ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nokuhlolwa nokugcinwa njalo kokuvikela.
UMBUZO 3: Yiziphi izindlela ezivamile zokungasebenzi kahle kweswishi ekunakekelweni kwemishini, futhi zingavinjelwa kanjani?
A3: Ukusebenza kabi okuvamile kufaka phakathi ukusebenza okungagunyaziwe kanye nokwehluleka ukukhiya iswishi, okungavinjelwa ngokuqeqeshwa komqhubi, amadivayisi okulwa nokusebenza kabi kanye nemininingwane yokusebenza eqinile.
UMBUZO 4: Yiziphi izitayela zokuthuthukiswa kweswishi enkathini yegridi yamandla ehlakaniphile?
I-A4: Izothuthukela ekuhlakanipheni, ekuncipheni nasekuthembekeni okuphezulu, ngokuqapha okuhlakaniphile kanye nokusebenza okulungiselelwe ukuze kuvumelane nezidingo zegridi ehlakaniphile.
Umbuzo 5: Ingabe iswishi ingasetshenziswa yodwa ekuvikeleni isistimu yamandla ngokweqile kanye nokuvikela i-short-circuit?
A5: Cha, inemikhawulo futhi idinga ukuhlonyiswa ngeminye imishini yokuvikela ukuze yakhe uhlelo lokuvikela oluhambisanayo.

Ukuhlaziywa Kwendlela Yokuvikela Ukuphepha Yeswishi Yokuhlukanisa Umthwalo Ezinhlelweni Zamandla

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