Intshayelelo

Ngenxa yokwanda komlinganiselo kunye nobunzima obukhulayo beenkqubo zamandla, ukusebenza kwazo ngokukhuselekileyo nangokuzinzileyo kubalulekile. Njengenxalenye ebalulekileyo ekusasazweni kwamandla,Ukutshintsha Ukuzahlula Komthwaloidlala indima engenakutshintshwa ekuqinisekiseni ukhuseleko lwenkqubo. Eli phepha liphonononga indlela yalo yokukhusela ukhuseleko, imigaqo yokusebenza kunye namaqhinga okwenza ngcono, libonelela ngeereferensi zokuphucula ukuthembeka kwenkqubo yamandla, lilandela isakhelo seenkalo ezintlanu eziphambili.

1. Indawo yoKhuseleko oluPhambili lweSwitshi yokuHlukana koMthwalo kwiiNkqubo zamandla

Ukwahlukanisa izixhobo zombane kunye nokukhusela kubalulekile ekuthinteleni iingozi zenkqubo yamandla. Olu tshintsho lwenza imisebenzi yokwahlukanisa umbane, ukhuseleko lwezixhobo kunye nolondolozo oluncedisayo, olwahlukileyo kwizaphuli zesekethe kunye neefusi ekubekeni.
Ngokungafaniyo neziphuli-mbane zesekethe (zokwaphula iimpazamo) kunye neefusi (zokukhusela umbane ogqithisileyo kwizixhobo ezincinci), olu tshintsho lugxile ekuhlukaniseni: lwahlula izixhobo zombane kwizixhobo zokulungisa ukuqinisekisa ukuba akukho mbane ungasebenziyo kwaye luhlukanisa iindawo ezineengxaki ukuthintela ukwanda kweempazamo, lusebenza njengomqobo obalulekileyo wokhuseleko.

2. Umgaqo woKhuseleko lokuZihlukanisa koMbane kunye nendlela yokusetyenziswa kweSwitshi

Ukwahlulwa kombane, indlela ephambili yokhuseleko kwinkqubo yamandla, kwahlula iindawo eziphilayo nezingaphiliyo ukuze kuthintelwe ukuvuza okanye ii-short circuits. Kwiswitshi, lo msebenzi ufezekiswa ngoyilo lwesayensi lokuphazamiseka kunye nezakhiwo zokukhusela ezisebenza kakuhle.
Uyilo lwayo lokuqhekeka luqinisekisa umgama owaneleyo wokudibana ukuze kuthintelwe ukuqhekeka kwe-arc kunye nomoya xa uvuliwe, ngelixa izixhobo zokukhusela eziphezulu (umz., i-epoxy resin, i-ceramic) zeegobolondo kunye noqhagamshelwano zimelana nombane ophezulu kunye neendawo ezinobungozi.
Ukhuseleko lokuzahlula lufumaneka ngokusebenzisa iindlela zokusebenza ezicacileyo, izixhobo zokutshixa ezichasene nokusebenza kakubi (umz., i-circuit breaker interlocking), kunye noyilo oluhambelana nokusingqongileyo ukugcina ukusebenza kakuhle kubushushu obuphezulu, ukufuma okanye ukugqwala.

3. Uhlalutyo lweNdlela yoKhuselo lweSwitch Against Overload kunye neShort Circuit kwiiNkqubo zamandla

Umthwalo omninzi (umbane omninzi ixesha elide obangela ubushushu obugqithisileyo bezixhobo) kunye nomjikelo omfutshane (umbane omkhulu obangela umonakalo ngephanyazo) ziimpazamo eziqhelekileyo zenkqubo yamandla, nto leyo eyenza ukhuseleko lwazo lube yimfuneko.
Iswitshi ikhusela ekugqithiseni kakhulu ngokujonga umbane; xa udlula umthwalo olinganisiweyo, ibangela ukuqhawuka okulibazisekileyo ukuze kuthintelwe umonakalo wezixhobo, kunye nemingcele emiselweyo ngokusekelwe kwiiparameter ezilinganisiweyo kunye neemfuno zomthwalo.
Kwimijikelezo emifutshane, ikhawuleza ibone amandla aphezulu ngokusebenzisa izinzwa ezakhelwe ngaphakathi kwaye ikhuphe isekethe ukuze yahlule iimpazamo, isebenzisana neziphuli-maza ukwenza inkqubo yokukhusela enamanqanaba amaninzi ukuze kuphuculwe ukuthembeka.
Iswitshi inemida (ukulibaziseka kwexesha elide kokugqithisa, amandla angonelanga okuqhekeza umsinga we-short-circuit current), ngoko ke kufuneka idityaniswe neefusi okanye iirelayini ukuze kwenziwe inkqubo yokukhusela ehambelanayo.

4. Indima yoKhuseleko loKhuseleko kunye neenkcukacha zokusebenza kweSwitch ekugcinweni kwezixhobo

Ukugcinwa kwezixhobo ezikhuselekileyo kufuna ukucinywa kombane kunye nokwahlulwahlulwa; iswitshi idlala indima ephambili ngokusika umbane, ukwahlukanisa iindawo eziphilayo, kunye nokuthintela ukuvalwa okungafanelekanga ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko lwabasebenzi bokulungisa.
Inciphisa umbane ukuze igcine indawo engenawo umbane, yahlula iindawo zokulungisa kwiindawo eziphilayo, kwaye isebenzisa izixhobo ezithintela ukungasebenzi kakuhle ukuthintela iingozi ezivela ekubuyiselweni kombane ngequbuliso.
Iinkcukacha ezisemgangathweni zokusebenza ziquka ukujonga imeko yeswitshi kunye nokutshixa ngaphambi kokulungiswa, ukunxiba izixhobo zokukhusela ngexesha lokusebenza, ukujonga kwakhona ngaphambi kokuvala, kunye nokuthintela ukusebenza okungagunyaziswanga ngabasebenzi abangenazo iziqinisekiso.
Ukwaphulwa kwemithetho (umz., ukuvala ngaphambi kwexesha, iiswitshi ezingavulwanga) kubangela iingozi ezinkulu; uqeqesho lwabaqhubi, iinkcukacha ezingqongqo, kunye nokuqonda ngokhuseleko zibalulekile ekuthinteleni.

5. Iiteknoloji eziphambili kunye namaqhinga okuphucula ukusebenza koKhuseleko lweSwitch

Ukuze kuhlangatyezwane neemfuno ezikhulayo zokhuseleko lwenkqubo yamandla, ukusebenza kokhuseleko lweswitshi kufuna ukuphuculwa, kujongwane neendawo ezibuhlungu ezifana nokubeka esweni okungekho sesikweni ngexesha langempela, ukugquma okungekho semgangathweni, kunye nemisebenzi engagqibelelanga yokulwa nokungasebenzi kakuhle.
Iiteknoloji eziphambili zokuphucula ziquka ukujonga izinto ngobuchule (ukubeka esweni iiparameter ngexesha langempela kunye nesilumkiso sangaphambi kwexesha), ukuphuculwa kokufakwa kwezinto ngobushushu (izixhobo ezisebenza kakuhle kunye nezakhiwo ezilungisiweyo), kunye nokungasebenzisi kakuhle (ukutshixa okuphuculweyo kunye nolawulo olukrelekrele).
Amaqhinga okwenza ngcono imeko ethile: ukusasazwa kwemizi-mveliso kufuna ukumelana okukhulu nokugqithiswa kombane kunye nokubeka esweni ngobuchule; izitishi ezisezantsi zifuna ukuthembeka okuphezulu kunye nokulungelelaniswa nezinye izixhobo; iimeko ezintsha zamandla zifuna ukuhambelana neempawu ze-voltage ephantsi kunye nombane ophezulu. Ukuphuculwa kuphucula ukusebenza kweswitshi kunye nokhuseleko lwenkqubo iyonke.

Isiphelo

Eli phepha lihlola indlela yokukhusela ukhuseleko lweswitshi, kubandakanya indawo ekuyo, imigaqo yokuzahlula, ukhuseleko lokugqithisa/lokujikeleza okufutshane, indima yolondolozo, kunye namaqhinga okwenza ngcono. Njengenxalenye ephambili yenkqubo yamandla, ibalulekile ekusebenzeni ngokukhuselekileyo.

Kwixesha le-smart grid, utshintsho luya kuphuhliswa luye kubuchwephesha, ukwenziwa kube lula, kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu. Ukuqinisa uphando nophuhliso, ukuphucula ukusebenza, kunye nolawulo olungqongqo lokusebenza kuya kuqhubela phambili indima yalo ekukhuseleni ukhuseleko lwenkqubo yamandla.

Iireferensi

I-IEEE Standard C37.20.1-2015, “I-Standard for Metal-Enclosed Low-Voltage Power Circuit Breaker Switchgear”.
I-IEC 60947-3: 2019, “Iswitshi ye-voltage ephantsi kunye ne-controlgear – Icandelo 3: Iiswitshi, ii-disconnectors, ii-switch-disconnectors kunye neeyunithi zokudibanisa i-fuse”.
UWang, Y., kunye noLi, Z. (2022). Uphando malunga neNkqubo yoKhuseleko loKhuseleko lweeSwitshi zokuZihlukanisa kwiiNkqubo zoMbane. Iteknoloji yeNkqubo yoMbane, 46(5), 1890-1898. (NgesiTshayina)
Brown, RG (2021). Ukuzahlula kunye noKhuselo loMbane kwiiNkqubo zoSasazo loMbane. Iintengiselwano ze-IEEE malunga nokuhanjiswa koMbane, 36(3), 1567-1574.
I-State Grid Corporation yaseTshayina. (2020). Iinkcukacha zokusebenza kunye nokugcinwa kwezixhobo zeNkqubo yoMbane. I-China Electric Power Press.

FAQ

Q1: Yintoni umahluko ophambili phakathi kweswitshi kunye ne-circuit breaker kwinkqubo yamandla?
A1: Iswitshi igxile ekuhlukaniseni umbane ukuze isebenze ngokukhuselekileyo kwaye igcinwe, ngelixa i-circuit breaker isetyenziselwa kakhulu ukuqhekeza iimpazamo, kwaye bayasebenzisana ukwenza inkqubo yokukhusela.
Umbuzo 2: Ungaqinisekisa njani ukuthembeka kokusebenza kokuhlukaniswa kombane kwesitshintshi?
A2: Inokuqinisekiswa ngoyilo lwesayensi lokuphazamiseka, izixhobo zokukhusela ezisebenza kakuhle, kunye novavanyo oluqhelekileyo kunye nokugcinwa kokukhusela.
Umbuzo 3: Ziziphi iindlela eziqhelekileyo zokungasebenzi kakuhle kweswitshi ekugcinweni kwezixhobo, kwaye zingathintelwa njani?
A3: Ukungasebenzi kakuhle okuqhelekileyo kubandakanya ukusebenza okungagunyaziswanga kunye nokungaphumeleli ukutshixa iswitshi, okunokuthintelwa ngoqeqesho lwabaqhubi, izixhobo zokulwa nokusebenza kakubi kunye neenkcukacha ezingqongqo zokusebenza.
Q4: Zithini iindlela zophuhliso lweswitshi kwixesha legridi yamandla ekrelekrele?
I-A4: Iya kuphuhlisa ijolise kubukrelekrele, ukwenziwa kube lula kunye nokuthembeka okuphezulu, kunye nokubeka esweni ngobuchule kunye nokusebenza okuphuculweyo ukuze kuhambelane neemfuno zegridi ekrelekrele.
Umbuzo 5: Ngaba iswitshi ingasetyenziswa yodwa ekukhuseleni inkqubo yamandla ngokugqithisileyo nangokufutshane?
A5: Hayi, inemida kwaye kufuneka ixhotyiswe ngezinye izixhobo zokukhusela ukuze yenze inkqubo yokukhusela eyongezelelekileyo.

Uhlalutyo lweNdlela yoKhuseleko loKhuseleko lweSwitshi yokuHlukana koMthwalo kwiiNkqubo zamandla

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