Chii chinonzi Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)?

Magetsi ndiwo musimboti wesimba rekugadzira nekushanda kwezuva nezuva, asi kudzimwa kwemagetsi kunokonzerwa nekukundikana kwegrid, kugadzirisa, kana njodzi dzechisikigo kunogona kukonzera kurasikirwa kukuru. Sebhiriji rakangwara pakati pesimba rekutanga nerekuchengetedza,Chinja Chekuchinja Chinochinja (ATS)Inoramba ichitarisa uye ichichinja magetsi nekukurumidza kuona kuti michina yakakosha inoramba ichishanda. Chinyorwa chino chinotsanangura muchidimbu basa reATS maererano nemabasa ayo, misimboti, mashandisirwo, kusarudzwa, uye maitiro ekugadzira.

I. Mabasa Akakosha: Dziviriro Yakakwana kubva paKutarisa kuenda kuKuchinja

Basa guru reATS nderekuona kuti magetsi anowanikwa nguva dzose kumidziyo inokosha, izvo zvinogona kupfupikiswa mumatanho mana: "Monitor-Judge-Switch-Recover".

1. Kugara Uchitarisa Mamiriro Esimba

ATS inoshandisa masensa ane hungwaru hwepamusoro kuti iongorore ma parameter akakosha esimba rekutanga nerekuchengetedza (senge voltage, frequency, uye phase) 24/7. Inokurumidza kutanga nzira yekutonga kana kushanduka kwevoltage kuchidarika ±10%, frequency ichitsauka ne ±0.5Hz, kana kusagadzikana kwakadai sekurasikirwa kwechikamu, overvoltage, kana undervoltage kuchiitika.

2. Kutonga Kwemhosva uye Kushanda Kwakavakirwa Pamitemo

ATS inoongorora hunhu hwemagetsi zvichibva pakufunga kwakarongwa: Semuenzaniso, inochinja ipapo ipapo kana voltage ikadzikira kusvika pa180V (yakayerwa 220V) yemidziyo yeICU, uku ichibvumira kuchinja-chinja kwenguva pfupi kwechiedza chenguva dzose kudzivirira kudzoreredzwa kwesimba remagetsi nguva nenguva. Pfungwa iyi yekutonga inogona kugadziriswa kuti ienderane nezvinodiwa zvakasiyana zvemutoro.

3. Kuchinja Kwemagetsi Kunokurumidza Uye Kwakachengeteka

Kana magetsi akundikana, ATS inotanga yabvisa simba rekutanga robva rabatanidza simba rekuchengetedza. Nguva yekuchinja chiratidzo chikuru, chakakamurwa kuita mazinga matatu:

• Chikamu cheMillisecond (0.1-10ms):Yakakodzera maseva enzvimbo yedata, inoda Static Transfer Switch (STS);
• Danho rechipiri (1-10s):Inoshandiswa pamota dzemufekitori, maelevator, nezvimwewo, neATS yemagetsi yakajairwa;
• Kuchinja kwanonoka (>10s):Yakagadzirirwa masource emagetsi anononoka kutanga semajenareta edhiziri, achichinja mushure mekugadzikana.

4. Kudzokera otomatiki kuPower Primary

Mushure mekunge simba rekutanga ragadzikana (kwemasekonzi gumi kusvika makumi matatu), ATS inodzokera otomatiki kusimba rekutanga. Mamwe mamodheru anotsigira kudzoserwa patsva nemaoko kudzivirira kuchinja kakawanda nekuda kwesimba rekutanga risina kugadzikana.

5. Dziviriro Dzakawanda Dzekuchengetedza

ATS inosanganisira dziviriro yekuvharira kunze kwemagetsi zvakanyanya, short-circuit, uye undervoltage kudzivirira kukuvara kwemidziyo kubva pakukwira kwemagetsi. Semuenzaniso, inobvisa simba rinobuda panguva yekuwedzerwa kwesimba rekuchengetedza uye inoshandisa soft start yekutakura zvinhu zvakaita semamota kuderedza inrush current.

II. Nheyo yekushanda

Mafambiro eATS akarerutswa kuita matanho matatu: “Monitor→Sarudza→Endesa”:

Mamiriro Akajairwa:Mitoro yemagetsi ekutanga, simba rekuchengetedza rinomira, uye ATS inoramba ichitarisa maparamita emagetsi ekutanga;

Chinokonzera Mhosva:Kana ma parameter esimba rekutanga akadarika miganho, ATS inotanga sosi yesimba rekuchengetedza (semuenzaniso, jenareta);

Kuitwa kweChinja: Mushure mekunge simba rekuchengetedza ragadzikana, rinovhura ma contact ekutanga emagetsi uye rinovhara ma contacts ekuchengetedza simba;

Kuchinja Kwekupora:Inodzokera kusimba rekutanga mushure mekudzoreredza simba uye inomisa sosi yesimba rekuchengetedza.

Nekushandisa nzira yekuchinja, ATS inoiswa muzvikamu zviviri: PC (inochinja chete, inoda circuit breaker) uye CB (integrated circuit breaker ine dziviriro). Yekutanga ndeyekushandisa low-power loads, nepo yekupedzisira iri yeindasitiri ine simba guru.

III. Maitiro Ekushandisa

ATS inonyanya kushandiswa mumamiriro ezvinhu anoda kuenderera mberi kwesimba rakawanda, zvichienderana nehunhu hwemutoro:

1. Nzvimbo dzeData neNhare dzeKutaurirana

Nzvimbo dzedata dzinoda ≤5ms fast switching (ine STS) uye synchronous switching kudzivirira surges; nhare dzekutaurirana dzinobatanidza mabhatiri/photovoltaics kuti dzive nechokwadi chekuti masaini haadzoreki.

2. Midziyo yeChipatara

Makamuri ekuvhiyira, maICU, uye michina yeMRI muzvipatara hazvidi simba rekuvhiringidza. ATS inofanira kufanotaura kusashanda zvakanaka kwemushonga uye kutanga kushandisa simba rekuchengetedza nguva isati yasvika kudzivirira njodzi dzehutano.

3. Mitsetse Yekugadzira Mafekitori

Mitsetse yekugadzira inoda nguva yekuchinja 100-500ms zvichienderana nerudzi rwemuchina uye rutsigiro rwekuchinja kuti ive nechokwadi chekuti michina mikuru inogadzirwa.magetsi.

4. Nzvimbo dzeVeruzhinji dzeNjodzid

Masisitimu emoto, maelevator, nedzimwe nzvimbo dzeveruzhinji dzinoda kubatana kwemoto kuti dzimanikidze kuchinja kune mamwe magetsi panguva yemoto, zvichiita kuti michina yekukurumidza ishande.

5. Masisitimu Matsva Ekuchengetedza Simba Nesimba

Muzviteshi zvemagetsi ezuva nema microgrids, ATS inobatanidza kuchinja pakati pesimba remagetsi, rezuva, uye rekuchengetedza simba. Inoshandura kuenda kusimba remagetsi kana rekuchengetedza kana simba remagetsi risingakwani uye inoita kuti zvinhu zviome zvakanyanya panguva yekudzimwa kwemagetsi, zvichiita kuti pave nekuchinjana kwakanaka kwemagetsi kubva pagrid/on-grid.

IV. Sarudzo: Kufananidza Mabasa neZvinodiwa

Ma parameter akakosha ekusarudza anoenderana nemamiriro ekushandisa:

• Nguva yekuchinja:≤10ms yemidziyo chaiyo, 1-5s yemota dzese, 5-10s ine majenareta;
• Yakayerwa Iye Zvino:≥1.2 nguva yehuwandu hwemagetsi anorema (tichifunga nezvekutanga kwemagetsi), chikamu chekuenzanisa chemidziyo yezvikamu zvitatu, uye modular ATS yesimba rakawanda;
• Kuenderana Kwesimba:Tsigira single/three-phase, AC/DC, uye chinjana nemajenareta, mabhatiri, photovoltaics, nezvimwewo;
• Nhanho yeUngwaru:Tsigirai kutarisa kuri kure (semuenzaniso, kuburikidza neModbus protocol), kuzviongorora, uye kunyora data;
• Kuchinjika Kwezvakatipoteredza:Dziviriro yeIP54, -30℃ ~ 70℃ tembiricha inoshandiswa mumaindasitiri, uye zvinhu zvinodzivirira ngura munzvimbo dziri pamhenderekedzo yegungwa;

V. Kubudirira Kweramangwana: Kubva pa "Reactive Switching" kuenda ku "Proactive Fanistic"

Nekuvandudzwa kwegridi yakangwara, ATS iri kuvandudza nzira yekuchenjera, modularization, uye tekinoroji yegirini:

• Kugadziriswa Kwekufanotaura kweAI:Kufanotaura kukundikana uchishandisa simba guru re data, kuchinja kubva pakuchinja kwe reactive kuenda pakuchinja kwe proactive;
• Dhizaini yeModular:Tsigira ma modules anopisa-anochinjika kuti aderedze nguva yekugadzirisa uye kubatanidzwa kwesimba rakagoverwa;
• Kujairana Nemamiriro Ekunze Akanyanya:Gadzira ATS inodzivirira kupisa kwakanyanya/kwakaderera uye kudedera kwemhepo iri kunze kwenyika uye mafambiro egungwa;
• Kushanda Nesimba Rakachena:Kugadzirisa nzira dzekuderedza kushandiswa kwesimba, kuisa simba rakachena pakutanga, uye kuderedza kuburitswa kwemhepo ine kabhoni;

Mhedziso

Semuchengeti wemagetsi akangwara, ATS inovimbisa michina yakakoshamagetsikuburikidza nekutarisa panguva chaiyo uye kushandura nekukurumidza. Kubva pahutano kuenda kuindasitiri, ATS yave chinhu chakakosha munharaunda yemazuva ano. Mune ramangwana, ichashanduka kuita nzvimbo huru yemagridi akangwara, ichitsigira shanduko yesimba repasi rose uye kuchengetedzwa kwesimba.