Yintoni i-Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)?

Umbane ngowona mthombo wamandla uphambili kwimveliso nakubomi bemihla ngemihla, kodwa ukucima kombane okubangelwa kukusilela kwegridi, ukulungiswa, okanye iintlekele zemvelo kunokukhokelela kwilahleko enkulu. Njengebhulorho ekrelekrele phakathi kwemithombo yamandla ephambili kunye neyongezelelweyo,Iswitshi yokuDlulisa ngokuzenzekelayo (i-ATS)Ihlala ijonga kwaye itshintsha umbane ngokukhawuleza ukuqinisekisa ukuba izixhobo ezibalulekileyo zihlala zisebenza. Eli nqaku lichaza ngokufutshane indima ye-ATS ngokwemisebenzi yayo, imigaqo, usetyenziso, ukhetho kunye neendlela zophuhliso.

I. Imisebenzi ephambili: Ukhuseleko olupheleleyo ekuJongweni ukuya ekuTshintsheni

Injongo ephambili ye-ATS kukuqinisekisa ukunikezelwa kombane rhoqo kwizixhobo ezibalulekileyo, ezinokushwankathelwa ngamanyathelo amane: “Jonga-Jaji-Shintsha-Buyisa”.

1. Ukujonga rhoqo imeko yamandla

I-ATS isebenzisa izinzwa ezichanekileyo kakhulu ukujonga iiparameter eziphambili zemithombo yamandla ephambili kunye neyenkxaso (ezifana ne-voltage, i-frequency, kunye ne-phase) 24/7. Iqala ngoko nangoko indlela yokugweba xa ukuguquguquka kwe-voltage kudlula ±10%, i-frequency iphambuka ngo ±0.5Hz, okanye ukungasebenzi kakuhle okufana nokulahleka kwesigaba, i-overvoltage, okanye i-undervoltage kwenzeka.

2. Ukugweba ngempazamo kunye nokusebenza okusekelwe kwimithetho

I-ATS ijonga umgangatho wamandla ngokusekelwe kwingqiqo emiselweyo: Umzekelo, iya kutshintsha ngoko nangoko ukuba i-voltage yehla iye kwi-180V (elinganiswe yi-220V) kwizixhobo ze-ICU, ngelixa ivumela ukutshintsha okufutshane kokukhanya ngokubanzi ukuze kuthintelwe ukusebenza rhoqo kwamandla okugcina. Le ngqiqo yokugweba inokwenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze ihambelane neemfuno ezahlukeneyo zomthwalo.

3. Ukutshintsha umbane ngokukhawuleza nangokukhuselekileyo

Kwimeko yokusilela kombane oyintloko, i-ATS iqala ngokunqamla umbane oyintloko ize iqhagamshele umbane ogciniweyo. Ixesha lokutshintsha sisalathisi esiphambili, esahlulwe ngokwamanqanaba amathathu:

• Inqanaba le-Millisecond (0.1-10ms):Ifanelekile kwiiseva zeziko ledatha, ifuna iStatic Transfer Switch (STS);
• Inqanaba lesibini (imizuzwana eli-1 ukuya kweli-10):Isetyenziselwa iimoto zasefektri, iilifti, njl.njl., ezine-ATS ye-electromagnetic eqhelekileyo;
• Ukutshintsha okulibazisekileyo (>10s):Ilungiselelwe imithombo yamandla encedisayo eqala kancinci njengeejenereyitha zedizili, ezitshintsha emva kokuzinzisa.

4. Ukutshintshela ngokuzenzekelayo kuMbane oPhambili

Emva kokuba umbane oyintloko uzinze (imizuzwana eli-10-30), i-ATS ibuyela ngokuzenzekelayo kumbane oyintloko. Ezinye iimodeli zixhasa ukuseta kwakhona ngesandla ukuthintela ukutshintsha rhoqo ngenxa yamandla oyintloko angazinzile.

5. Ukhuseleko oluninzi

I-ATS ibandakanya ukhuseleko lokutshixa i-overload, i-short-circuit, kunye nokukhusela ukutshixa i-undervoltage ukuthintela umonakalo wezixhobo ngenxa yokunyuka kwamandla angoku. Umzekelo, inqumla ukuphuma ngexesha lokugqithisa kwamandla angasemva kwaye isebenzisa i-soft start kwimithwalo yokungenisa efana neemoto ukunciphisa i-inrush current.

II. Umgaqo-nkqubo Wokusebenza

Indlela yokusebenza ye-ATS yenziwe lula ibe ngamanyathelo amathathu: “Jonga → Gqiba → Yenza”:

Imeko Eqhelekileyo:Imithwalo yezixhobo zombane eziphambili, amandla okuxhasa ahlala ekho, kwaye i-ATS isoloko ijonga iiparameter zamandla eziphambili;

Isiqalisi seMpazamo:Xa iiparameter zamandla eziphambili zidlula imida, i-ATS iqala umthombo wamandla ogcino (umz., ijenereyitha);

Ukwenziwa koTshintsho: Emva kokuba amandla okugcina azinzile, avula oonxibelelwano bamandla bokuqala aze avale oonxibelelwano bamandla okugcina;

Ukutshintsha koBuyiselo:Ibuyela kumandla okuqala emva kokubuyisela kwaye iyeke umthombo wamandla ogcino.

Ngokusebenzisa indlela yokutshintsha, i-ATS yahlulwe yaba yi-PC (ukutshintsha kuphela, kufuna i-circuit breaker) kunye ne-CB (i-circuit breaker edibeneyo enokhuseleko). Eyokuqala yeyemithwalo yamandla aphantsi, ngelixa eyesibini yeyeemeko zoshishino ezinamandla aphezulu.

III. Imizekelo yesicelo

I-ATS isetyenziswa kakhulu kwiimeko ezifuna ukuqhubeka kwamandla aphezulu, iimpawu zomthwalo ezihambelanayo:

1. Amaziko eDatha kunye neeNqaba zoNxibelelwano

Amaziko edatha afuna utshintsho olukhawulezileyo oluyi-≤5ms (nge-STS) kunye notshintsho oluhambelanayo ukuthintela ukunyuka; iitowuni zonxibelelwano zidibanisa iibhetri/ii-photovoltaics ukuqinisekisa imiqondiso engaphazanyiswayo.

2. Izixhobo zeSibhedlele

Amagumbi okusebenzela, ii-ICU, kunye noomatshini be-MRI kwizibhedlele akufuneki kubekho kuphazamiseka. I-ATS kufuneka iqikelele iingxaki zokusetyenziswa kwayo kwaye iqalise ukuphinda isebenze kwakhona kwangethuba ukuze kuthintelwe iingozi zonyango.

3. Imigca yeMveliso yeFektri

Imigca yemveliso ifuna ixesha lokutshintsha eliyi-100-500ms ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwesixhobo kunye notshintsho oluphambili lwenkxaso ukuqinisekisa izixhobo eziphambiliukunikezwa Amandla.

4. Iindawo zikawonke-wonke eziNgxamisekileyod

Iinkqubo zomlilo, iilifti, kunye nezinye izakhiwo zikawonke-wonke zifuna unxibelelwano lomlilo ukuze kunyanzeliswe ukuba kutshintshelwe kumbane ongasemva ngexesha lomlilo, ukuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwezixhobo zongxamiseko.

5. Iinkqubo Ezintsha Zokugcina Amandla Namandla

Kwizitishi zamandla elanga kunye nee-microgrids, i-ATS ilungelelanisa ukutshintsha phakathi kwamandla ombane ombane, amandla elanga, kunye namandla okugcina amandla. Itshintshela kwi-utility okanye kwindawo yokugcina xa amandla elanga enganeleyo kwaye iqinisekisa imithwalo ebalulekileyo ngexesha lokucima kwamandla ombane, ivumela utshintsho olungenamthungo ngaphandle kwegridi/kwigridi.

IV. Ukukhetha: Ukufanisa Imisebenzi neeMfuno

Iiparameter eziphambili zokukhetha ukuze zihambelane neemeko zesicelo:

• Ixesha lokutshintsha:≤10ms yezixhobo ezichanekileyo, i-1-5s yeemoto eziqhelekileyo, i-5-10s enejenereyitha;
• Ixabiso langoku:≥1.2 uphindaphinde i-total load current (xa kujongwa i-start current), i-match phase yezixhobo ze-three-phase, kunye ne-modular ATS yamandla aphezulu;
• Ukuhambelana kwamandla:Xhasa i-single/three-phase, i-AC/DC, kwaye uzivumelanise neejenereyitha, iibhetri, ii-photovoltaics, njl.njl.;
• Inqanaba lobukrelekrele:Xhasa ukujonga kude (umz., ngeModbus protocol), ukuzixilonga, kunye nokurekhoda idatha;
• Ukulungelelaniswa Kwendalo:Ukhuseleko lwe-IP54, -30℃ ~ 70℃ ubushushu obusetyenziswa kwimizi-mveliso, kunye nezinto ezimelana nokugqwala kwiindawo eziselunxwemeni;

V. Uphuhliso lwexesha elizayo: Ukusuka "kwi-Reactive Switching" ukuya "kwi-Proactive Prediction"

Ngophuhliso lwegridi ekrelekrele, i-ATS iphucula ijolise kubukrelekrele, uhlengahlengiso, kunye netekhnoloji eluhlaza:

• Ukugcinwa kwe-AI kwangaphambili:Ukuqikelela ukusilela usebenzisa i-power big data, ukusuka kwi-reactive switching ukuya kwi-proactive switching;
• Uyilo lweModular:Xhasa iimodyuli ezishushu ezitshintshanayo ukuze kuncitshiswe ixesha lokungasebenzi kolondolozo kunye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla asasazwayo;
• Uhlengahlengiso Olugqithisileyo Lwendalo:Phuhlisa i-ATS ekwaziyo ukumelana namaqondo obushushu aphezulu/aphantsi kunye nokungcangcazela komoya olwandle kunye nohambo olujikelezayo;
• Ukusebenza kakuhle kwamandla aluhlaza:Ukuphucula iindlela zokunciphisa ukusetyenziswa kwamandla, ukubeka phambili amandla acocekileyo, kunye nokunciphisa ukukhutshwa kwekhabhoni;

Isiphelo

Njengomgcini okrelekrele weenkqubo zamandla, i-ATS iqinisekisa izixhobo ezibalulekileyoukunikezwa Amandlangokubeka esweni ngexesha langempela kunye nokutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Ukusuka kukhathalelo lwempilo ukuya kushishino, i-ATS ibe yinto ebalulekileyo kuluntu lwanamhlanje. Kwixesha elizayo, iya kuguquka ibe yindawo ephambili yeegridi ezikrelekrele, ixhasa utshintsho lwamandla kwihlabathi liphela kunye nokhuseleko lwamandla.