Kuyini i-Automatic Transfer Switch (ATS)?

Ugesi uwumthombo wamandla oyinhloko wokukhiqiza nokuphila kwansuku zonke, kodwa ukucima kukagesi okubangelwa ukwehluleka kwegridi, ukulungiswa, noma izinhlekelele zemvelo kungaholela ekulahlekelweni okukhulu. Njengebhuloho elihlakaniphile phakathi kwemithombo yamandla eyinhloko neyokusekelayo,Iswishi Yokudlulisa Okuzenzakalelayo (i-ATS)Iqapha njalo futhi ishintsha amandla ngokushesha ukuqinisekisa ukuthi imishini ebalulekile ihlala isebenza. Lesi sihloko sichaza kafushane indima ye-ATS ngokwemisebenzi yayo, izimiso, izinhlelo zokusebenza, ukukhetha, kanye nemikhuba yokuthuthukisa.

I. Imisebenzi Eyinhloko: Ukuvikelwa Okuphelele Ekuqapheni Kuya Ekushintsheni

Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-ATS ukuqinisekisa ukunikezwa kukagesi okuqhubekayo emishinini ebalulekile, okungafingqwa ngezinyathelo ezine: “Qapha-Jaja-Shintsha-Buyisa”.

1. Ukuqapha Isimo Samandla Njalo

I-ATS isebenzisa izinzwa ezinembe kakhulu ukuqapha amapharamitha abalulekile emithombo yamandla eyinhloko kanye neyesekelayo (njenge-voltage, imvamisa, kanye nesigaba) amahora angama-24 ngosuku, izinsuku eziyi-7 ngesonto. Iqala ngokushesha indlela yokwahlulela lapho ukushintshashintsha kwe-voltage kudlula ±10%, imvamisa iphambuka ngo-±0.5Hz, noma kwenzeka ukungasebenzi kahle njengokulahlekelwa yisigaba, i-overvoltage, noma i-undervoltage.

2. Ukwahlulela Ngephutha Nokusebenza Okusekelwe Emithethweni

I-ATS ihlola ikhwalithi yamandla ngokusekelwe ku-logic esethiwe: Isibonelo, izoshintsha ngokushesha uma i-voltage yehla iye ku-180V (elinganiswe ngo-220V) yemishini ye-ICU, ngenkathi ivumela ukushintshashintsha okufushane kokukhanya okuvamile ukuze kugwenywe ukusebenza kwamandla okusekelayo njalo. Le logic yokwahlulela ingenziwa ngokwezifiso ukuze ivumelane nezidingo ezahlukene zomthwalo.

3. Ukushintsha Amandla Okusheshayo Nokuphephile

Uma kwenzeka ugesi oyinhloko ungasebenzi, i-ATS iqala inqamule ugesi oyinhloko bese ixhuma ugesi osekelayo. Isikhathi sokushintsha siyinkomba eyinhloko, ehlukaniswe amazinga amathathu:

• Izinga le-Millisecond (0.1-10ms):Ifanele amaseva esikhungo sedatha, edinga i-Static Transfer Switch (STS);
• Izinga lesibili (1-10s):Isetshenziselwa ama-motor asefektri, ama-lifti, njll., ane-ATS ejwayelekile kagesi;
• Ukushintsha okubambezelekile (>10s):Ilungiselelwe imithombo yamandla esekelayo eqala kancane njengejeneretha zedizili, eshintsha ngemva kokuzinza.

4. Ukushintshela Okuzenzakalelayo Kumandla Ayinhloko

Ngemva kokuba ugesi oyinhloko uzinze (imizuzwana eyi-10-30), i-ATS ishintsha ngokuzenzakalelayo ibuyele kumandla oyinhloko. Amanye amamodeli asekela ukusetha kabusha ngesandla ukuvimbela ukushintsha njalo ngenxa yamandla oyinhloko angazinzile.

5. Ukuvikelwa Kokuphepha Okuningi

I-ATS ifaka phakathi ukuvikelwa kokukhiya ngaphandle kokusebenzisa amandla amaningi ngokweqile, ukujikeleza okufushane, kanye nokuvikelwa kokukhiya ngaphandle kwamandla kagesi ukuvimbela umonakalo wemishini ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla kagesi. Isibonelo, inqamula ukuphuma ngesikhathi sokugcwala kwamandla okusekelayo futhi isebenzisa ukuqala okuthambile kwemithwalo yokungenisa efana nama-motor ukunciphisa ugesi wokungena.

II. Isimiso Sokusebenza

Umsebenzi we-ATS wenziwe lula ngezinyathelo ezintathu: “Qapha→Nquma→Yenza”:

Isimo Esijwayelekile:Imithwalo yempahla yamandla eyinhloko, amandla okusekelayo ahlala ekhona, futhi i-ATS iqapha njalo amapharamitha wamandla ayinhloko;

Isiqalisi Sephutha:Uma amapharamitha wamandla ayinhloko edlula imingcele, i-ATS iqala umthombo wamandla okusekelayo (isb., ijeneretha);

Ukusebenza Kokushintsha: Ngemva kokuba amandla okusekelayo ezinze, avula oxhumana nabo bamandla abayinhloko bese evala oxhumana nabo bamandla okusekelayo;

Ukushintsha Kokubuyisela:Ishintshela emuva kumandla ayisisekelo ngemva kokululama bese imisa umthombo wamandla okusekelayo.

Ngokusebenzisa indlela yokushintsha, i-ATS ihlukaniswe nge-PC (ukushintsha kuphela, okudinga i-circuit breaker) kanye ne-CB (i-circuit breaker ehlanganisiwe enesivikelo). Eyokuqala ingeyemithwalo yamandla aphansi, kanti eyesibili ingeyezimo zezimboni ezinamandla aphezulu.

III. Izimo Zokusebenza

I-ATS isetshenziswa kakhulu ezimweni ezidinga ukuqhubeka kwamandla aphezulu, okuhambisana nezici zomthwalo:

1. Izikhungo Zedatha Nemibhoshongo Yokuxhumana

Izikhungo zedatha zidinga ukushintsha okusheshayo okungu-≤5ms (nge-STS) kanye nokushintsha okuhambisanayo ukuze kuvinjelwe ukwanda; imibhoshongo yokuxhumana ixhumanisa amabhethri/ama-photovoltaics ukuqinisekisa izimpawu ezingaphazanyiswa.

2. Imishini Yesibhedlela

Amakamelo okusebenza, ama-ICU, kanye nemishini ye-MRI ezibhedlela akudingi amandla okuphazamiseka nhlobo. I-ATS kumele ibikezele ukungasebenzi kahle kohlelo lokusebenza futhi iqale amandla okusekela kusengaphambili ukuze igweme izingozi zezokwelapha.

3. Imigqa Yokukhiqiza Kwamafektri

Imigqa yokukhiqiza idinga isikhathi sokushintsha esingu-100-500ms ngokusekelwe kuhlobo lwemishini kanye nokusekelwa kokushintsha okubalulekile ukuqinisekisa imishini eyinhlokoukunikezwa kwamandla kagesi.

4. Izindawo Eziphuthumayo Zomphakathid

Izinhlelo zomlilo, ama-lifti, nezinye izikhungo zomphakathi zidinga ukuxhumana komlilo ukuze kuphoqelelwe ukushintshela kumandla okusekelayo ngesikhathi somlilo, okuqinisekisa ukusebenza kwemishini ephuthumayo.

5. Izinhlelo Ezintsha Zokugcina Amandla Namandla

Ezitshalweni zamandla elanga kanye nama-microgrid, i-ATS iqondisa ukushintshana phakathi kwamandla okusetshenziswa, amandla elanga, kanye namandla okugcina amandla. Ishintshela kumandla okusetshenziswa noma isitoreji lapho ukukhishwa kwamandla elanga kunganele futhi iqinisekisa imithwalo ebalulekile ngesikhathi sokungasebenzi kahle kwamandla okusetshenziswa, okuvumela ukuguquka okungenamthungo ngaphandle kwegridi/kugridi.

IV. Ukukhetha: Ukufanisa Imisebenzi Nezidingo

Amapharamitha ayisihluthulelo okukhetha ukuze afane nezimo zohlelo lokusebenza:

• Isikhathi Sokushintsha:≤10ms yemishini yokunemba, 1-5s yezimoto ezijwayelekile, 5-10s enezinjini ezikhiqizayo;
• Isilinganiso samanje:≥1.2 izikhathi zamanje omthwalo ophelele (uma ucabangela amandla okuqala), isigaba sokufanisa semishini yesigaba sesithathu, kanye ne-ATS yesimo samandla aphezulu;
• Ukuhambisana Kwamandla:Sekela i-single/three-phase, i-AC/DC, futhi uzivumelanise nama-generator, amabhethri, ama-photovoltaics, njll.;
• Izinga Lobuhlakani:Sekela ukuqapha okukude (isb., nge-Modbus protocol), ukuzihlola, kanye nokurekhoda idatha;
• Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Kwezemvelo:Ukuvikelwa kwe-IP54, izinga lokushisa elingu-30℃ ~ 70℃ lokusetshenziswa kwezimboni, kanye nezinto ezingamelani nokugqwala ezindaweni ezisogwini;

V. Intuthuko Yesikhathi Esizayo: Kusukela “Ekushintsheni Okusabelayo” Kuya “Ekubikezeleni Okusebenzayo”

Ngokuthuthukiswa kwegridi ehlakaniphile, i-ATS ithuthukela ekuhlakanipheni, ekuguquleni i-modularization, kanye nobuchwepheshe obuluhlaza:

• Ukulungiswa Kokubikezela kwe-AI:Ukubikezela ukwehluleka usebenzisa i-power big data, ukushintsha kusuka ekushintsheni okusebenzayo kuya ekushintsheni okusebenzayo;
• Umklamo We-Modular:Sekela amamojula ashintshashintshayo ukuze kuncishiswe isikhathi sokungasebenzi kokulungiswa kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwamandla okusatshalaliswa;
• Ukuzivumelanisa Nezimo Ezibucayi:Thuthukisa i-ATS ekwazi ukumelana namazinga okushisa aphezulu/aphansi kanye nokudlidliza komoya wasogwini kanye nohambo oluya e-polar;
• Ukusebenza Kahle Kagesi Okuluhlaza:Lungiselela izindlela zokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamandla, ukubeka phambili amandla ahlanzekile, kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni;

Isiphetho

Njengomqaphi ohlakaniphile wezinhlelo zamandla, i-ATS iqinisekisa imishini ebalulekileukunikezwa kwamandla kagesingokuqapha ngesikhathi sangempela kanye nokushintsha okusheshayo. Kusukela ekunakekelweni kwezempilo kuya embonini, i-ATS isibe yinto ebalulekile emphakathini wanamuhla. Esikhathini esizayo, izoguquka ibe yisizinda esiyinhloko samagridi ahlakaniphile, isekele ukuguquka kwamandla emhlabeni jikelele kanye nokuphepha kwamandla.